Wednesday, October 31, 2007

Greek Temples

Though nowadays we call most Greek religious buildings "temples," the earliest Greeks would have referred to a temenos, or holy area. Its holiness, often related with a holy grove, was more significant than the building itself, as it contained the open air altar on which the sacrifices were made. The construction which housed the cult statue in its naos was initially a rather simple structure, but by the middle of the 6th century BCE had become increasingly complicated. Greek temple architecture, where the classical orders were developed, had a deep influence on Western architectural traditions.

Tuesday, October 23, 2007

Computer networking

Computer networking is the engineering discipline anxious with communication between computer systems. Such communicate systems comprise a computer network and these networks generally involve at least two devices able of being networked with at least one usually being a computer. The devices can be separated by a small number of meters or nearly unlimited distances. Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications, and sometimes of computer science, information technology and computer engineering. Computer networks rely a lot upon the abstract and practical application of these scientific and engineering disciplines.

A computer network is any set of computers connected to each other. Examples of networks are the Internet, a wide area network that is the largest to always exist, or a little home local area network (LAN) with two computers connected with standard networking cables connecting to a network interface card in each computer.

Saturday, October 13, 2007

Hybrid deer

A number of deer hybrids are bred to improve animal protein yield in farmed deer. American elk and Red Deer from the Old World can produce fertile offspring in captivity, and were once measured one species. Hybrid offspring, however, must be able to escape and defend themselves against predators, and these hybrid offspring are not capable to do so in the wild state. Recent DNA, animal actions studies, and morphology and antler characteristics have shown there are not one but three varieties of Red Deer. The hybrids are about 30% more efficient in producing antler by compare velvet to body weight. Wapiti have been introduced into some European Red Deer herds to improve the Red Deer type, but not always with the proposed improvement.
Both male Mule Deer/female White-tailed Deer and male White-tailed Deer/female Mule Deer matting have formed hybrids. Hybrids have been reported in the wild but are disadvantaged because they don't correctly inherit survival strategies. Mule Deer move with bounding leap to escape predators. Slotting is so specialized that only 100% heritably pure Mule Deer seem able to do it. In captive hybrids, even a one-eighth White-tail/seven-eighths Mule Deer hybrid has erratic escape performance and would be unlikely to survive to breeding age. Hybrids do survive on game ranches where both species are kept and where predators are prohibited by man.

Thursday, October 04, 2007

IPL

IPL is Initial program load, used in operating system. In computing, booting is a bootstrapping method that starts operating systems when the user turns on a computer system. A boot series is the set of operations the computer performs when it is switched on that loads an operating system.
Most computer systems can only complete code found in the memory (ROM or RAM). Modern operating systems are stored on hard disks, or occasionally on Live CDs, USB flash drives, or other non-volatile storage devices. When a computer is first power-driven on, it doesn't have an operating system in memory. The computer's hardware alone cannot perform complex measures such as loading a program from disk, so an apparent paradox exists, to load the operating system into memory, one appears to need to have an operating system already loaded. The System/360 IPL function reads 24 bytes from an operator-specified or pre-configured machine into memory starting at location zero. The second and third groups of eight bytes are treated as Channel Command Words (CCWs) to maintain loading the startup program. When the I/O channel instructions are complete, the first group of eight bytes is then loaded into the Program Status Word (PSW) register and the startup program begins completing at the designated location.